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|death_place = Gabriac, France |thesis_title = La vie social d'une tribu nomade: les Indiens Guayaki du Paraguay |thesis_year = 1965 |alma_mater = University of Sorbonne |field = Anthropology |workplaces = |known_for = |influences = |influenced = Gilles Deleuze Félix Guattari Miguel Abensour |signature = }} Pierre Clastres ((:klastʁ); 17 May 1934 – 29 July 1977) was a French anthropologist and ethnologist. He is best known for his contributions to the field of political anthropology, with his fieldwork among the Guayaki in Paraguay and his theory of stateless societies. Seeking an alternative to the hierarchized Western societies, he mostly researched indigenous people in which the power was not considered coercive and chiefs were powerless. With a background in literature and philosophy, Clastres started studying anthropology with Claude Lévi-Strauss and Alfred Métraux since the 1950s. Between 1963 and 1974 he traveled five times to South America to do fieldwork among the Guaraní, the Chulupi, and the Yanomami. Clastres mostly published essays and, because of his premature death, his work was unfinished and scattered. His signature work is the essay collection ''Society Against the State'' (1974) and his bibliography also includes ''Chronicle of the Guayaki Indians'' (1972), ''Le Grand Parler'' (1974), and ''Archeology of Violence'' (1980). ==Life and career== Clastres was born on 17 May 1934, in Paris, France. He studied at University of Sorbonne, obtaining a licence in Literature in 1957, and a ''Diplôme d'études supérieures spécialisées'' in Philosophy in the following year. He went into working with Anthropology after 1956 as student of Claude Lévi-Strauss, working at the Laboratory of Social Anthropology of the French National Centre for Scientific Research during the 1960s. He was also a student of Alfred Métraux at the École pratique des hautes études (EPHE) in 1959. Clastres's first published article was released in 1962, a year before Clastres went into an eight-month trip to a Guayaki community in Paraguay with the help of Métraux. The Guayaki's study served as base to an article for ''Journal de la Société des Américanistes'', to his 1965 doctoral thesis in ethnology—''Social Life of a Nomadic Tribe: The Guayaki Indians of Paraguay''—, to "The Bow and the Basket", as well as to his first book, ''Chronicle of the Guayaki Indians'' (1972). In 1965 Clastres returned to Paraguay and he met the Guaraní—this rencontre led him to write ''Le Grand Parler'' (1974). In 1966 and 1968 Clastres went into expeditions to Paraguayan groups of Chulupi people in the Gran Chaco region. This experience was used to produce the essays "What Makes Indians Laugh" and "Sorrows of the Savage Warrior." In his fourth travel Clastres observed the Venezuelan Yanomami from 1970 to 1971 and wrote "The Last Frontier". He briefly visited the Guaraní which migrated from Paraguay to Brazil in his last mission in 1974. In 1971 he became lecturer at the fifth section of the EPHE, and was promoted to director of studies of the religion and societies of South American Indians in October 1975. That same year he left his office as researcher of the Laboratory of Social Anthropology—which he occupied since 1961—after conflicts over Lévi-Strauss's theories. In 1977 he took in part in the establishment of the journal ''Libre'' alongside the former members of Socialisme ou Barbarie Miguel Abensour, Cornelius Castoriadis, Marcel Gauchet, Claude Lefort and Maurice Luciani. Later that year, Clastres, aged 43, died in Gabriac, Lozère, on 29 July, in a car accident. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Pierre Clastres」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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